Boron — The Crustal Element

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Figure 1. This photograph, which was acquired on October 30, 2013 by an astronaut on the International Space Station, shows one of the largest borate mines in the world (Rio Tinto Borax Mine). The mine is located northwest of Boron, California (USA). The borate minerals in the deposit—largely borax, Na2B4O5(OH)4·8H2O, kernite,  Na2B4O6(OH)2·3H2O, and ulexite,  NaCaB5O6(OH)6·5H2O — formed in…

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